Thermo-Mechanically Treated (TMT) bars are essential components in construction, used widely for reinforcing concrete and cement structures. These bars play a critical role in improving the durability and safety of buildings, homes, and infrastructure projects. The manufacturing process of TMT bars begins with the extraction of iron ore, which is then converted into molten iron through a furnace or direct reduction iron-making methods. In the blast furnace route, the result is liquid iron, produced by melting a combination of iron ore and scrap steel.

Next, the molten iron is cast into solid billets, which are then sent to a rolling mill while still hot, at around 1200°C. The billets undergo a process of gradual size reduction as they pass through multiple rolling stands, each exerting pressure on the material. The final pass of the rolling process creates the ribbed surface, a distinctive feature of TMT bars that enhances their bonding with concrete.